Agriculture
At the beginning of the twentieth century, a system of crop rotations was widespread in the vicinity of Perechyn. At the same time, during the first half of the twentieth century, the cut down-fire system was still practiced (its essence is the use of land after deforestation and / or burning of its remnants). Trypillia was used only by wealthy owners. Poor peasants sowed the fields until they were completely depleted and only then sowed fodder grasses. Peasants did not use mineral fertilizers even in the early 30's of the twentieth century.
The leading branch of agriculture in the Perechyn region was farming. At the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, the main plowing tool was a wooden plow with a metal tip. Two oxen or horses were harnessed to the plow. One man drove the oxen and other the plow. After plowing, the land was loosened by harrows made by hand from oak, ash or maple. Fully metal harrows spread in the late 30's - early 40's of the twentieth century. At that time they could already be bought. Tractors were already working with iron plows. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, people plowed mainly with oxen, and later with horses. Each family tried to have at least one horse.
In addition to arable tools, the local population used hand tillage tools quite widely. In the backyard («in the garden»), where it was impossible to plow, the land was dug with a shovel («arshuv») and a hoe («motovkov»). Quite common were small hoes («rohachky») with a forked working part. They chose small roots, stones, broke small lumps in the garden beds. All kinds of shovels and hoes were in mass access. They were manufactured by a number of Transcarpathian metal plants. The villagers also used wooden and iron rakes.
The local population grew rye and wheat, oats, barley, beans, hemp and flax for oil and yarn. The main crop was corn. It was not sown, but planted in rows. Beans and fodder melons were often planted between the corn, and the surrounding area was planted with sunflowers. The basis of food in the vicinity of Perechyn was potatoes, corn and beans. Dishes from rye and wheat flour were prepared only on holidays and in the case of the end of corn flour. In each village were separate fields («plots»), which were kept only for hay. Under the hay sowed mosquito, alfalfa, various herbs. Hay was stored in a special building («sakast»).
People were engaged in gardening on homesteads. As a fertilizer for garden crops used composted barn manure. Especially it was added to the holes when planting potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage. In addition, the peasants grew onions, garlic, carrots, parsley, and red beets for their own needs. Potatoes were considered to be the leading garden crop.
Each peasant tried to have his own garden. Men have traditionally been engaged in gardening. They were able to graft trees and produced many varieties of fruit trees, which were characterized by high yields, unpretentiousness and good taste. The area of gardens was constantly expanding. The local orchards were dominated by apple, pear and plum trees. Different varieties of cherries, sour cherries, nuts, etc. were also grown. Viticulture was moderately developed. Almost every peasant family grew a few bushes of grapes for their own needs in the yard or in the garden.
